Diabetes: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. This occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or cannot use it effectively.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It’s usually diagnosed in children and young adults but can occur at any age.
Type 2 Diabetes: The most common form. It develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when there’s insufficient insulin production. This type primarily affects adults, though increasing numbers of children are being diagnosed with it.
Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after childbirth. However, it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later.
Type 1.5 Diabetes (LADA): A slower-progressing form of type 1 diabetes that occurs in adults.
Causes and Risk Factors
Genetics: Family history can play a significant role in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and obesity are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Age: The risk increases with age, particularly for type 2 diabetes.
Other Factors: Certain ethnic backgrounds, gestational diabetes, and other health conditions like high blood pressure may also heighten the risk.
Symptoms Common symptoms include:
Frequent urination
Increased thirst and hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow healing sores
Treatment
Medication: Insulin injections for type 1 and some type 2 cases; oral medications for type 2.
Lifestyle Changes: Healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight management are crucial in managing both types.
Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential.
Prevention While type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, type 2 diabetes can often be delayed or prevented with lifestyle changes. Key preventive measures include:
Maintaining a healthy weight.
Eating a balanced diet and avoiding sugar and saturated fats.
Staying physically active with at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
Avoiding tobacco use.